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MTS - Video: Hello, and welcome to the CCNSO Internet Governance Liaison Committee. My name is Claudia Ruiz, and I, along with my colleague, Joke Bracken, are the remote participation managers for this session. Please note that this session is being recorded and is governed by the ICANN Community

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MTS - Video: Participant Code of Conduct, the ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior, and the ICANN Community Anti-Harassment Policy.

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MTS - Video: Please observe the following guidelines to participate in this session. I will also post them in the chat.

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MTS - Video: for your reference.

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MTS - Video: There you go.

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MTS - Video: During the session, questions or comments submitted in chat will be read aloud if put in the proper form, as noted in the chat. If you would like to speak during this session, please raise your hand in Zoom. When called upon, virtual participants will unmute their microphones, and on-site participants will use the physical microphone to speak.

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MTS - Video: Please make sure, if you have Zoom open, that you have your Zoom audio disconnected. For the benefit of other participants, please state your name for the record and speak at a reasonable pace. Thank you, and with that, I will now hand the floor over to Annalisa William, Chair of the IGLC. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Claudia.

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MTS - Video: Hello, everybody. My name is Annalise Williams from the .au Domain Administration.

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MTS - Video: Welcome all to this IGLC meeting. And, especially I would like to welcome our, Vice Chair Marta from DOTPT, who has not joined us for quite some time, and we are delighted to have her back.

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MTS - Video: Welcome, Marta.

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MTS - Video: Yeah. Hello, guys. If I can have the opportunity to talk with you, well…

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MTS - Video: just to say that I'm super happy to be here again. It was a challenging time for me, and I'm quite emotional because… well, I'm not prepared to speak too much, because I'm quite emotional to be here, but I'm really, really happy, and I have to…

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MTS - Video: To say, to share with you guys that, for me, this is super important to be here and to have this

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MTS - Video: As I call it as a second opportunity, so thank you and please be patient with me. Thanks a lot.

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MTS - Video: Thanks. I'm emotional to have you back, Marta, so… On today's agenda, we have, we'll be joined by ICANN's government engagement team, who will be just sharing updates and, priorities, legislative and regulatory developments from their perspective.

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MTS - Video: We have Sean, who will talk us through the results, the report of the IGLC Effectiveness Review, which I think many of you may have been involved in, and I think we have shared it with the group, but welcome, Sean, and thank you for joining us today.

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MTS - Video: And then for the last part of the conversation, we will be having a look at the next topic, our next priority area, which is online harms and starting a discussion on how we might like to approach that and what we might do as this committee to address that.

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MTS - Video: But for now, who am I passing over to, Angela? Is it you?

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MTS - Video: Go ahead. Thank you. Thank you. I'm Maeva Devolo. I work in ICANN's government engagement team with Angela and Laurent that are here with me. So I will be taking care of the first part of the presentation with the slide before, please.

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MTS - Video: before before.

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MTS - Video: Yeah. So my colleague Elena is not here, so I'm filling in for her.

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MTS - Video: So I will start by presenting the legislative and regulatory updates, and then Laurent will talk about the capacity building activities in Africa.

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MTS - Video: So one of the… so I will talk about two different emerging policy trends that we are seeing, and the first one is the growing use of DNS and IP blocking to combat online piracy, particularly when it comes to live sports and other sensitive content.

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MTS - Video: So this is not new. Our team has discussed it in previous sessions. We had already noted the growing number of court decisions requiring, requiring websites to be blocked.

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MTS - Video: And how these measures have gradually expanded beyond traditional internet service providers to include DNS resolvers, CDNs, and VPN providers.

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MTS - Video: What we are seeing now is a further development of this trend with more dynamic blocking and increasing use of automated systems.

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MTS - Video: European countries have been important drivers of that trend.

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MTS - Video: In 2023, the European Commission adopted a recommendation encouraging EU member states

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MTS - Video: to make greater use of dynamic blocking measures to combat the illegal streaming of sports and other live events. And the recommendation also recognizes DNS and IP blocking as possible technical measures.

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MTS - Video: Italy offers an interesting example. Under its Privacy Shield system, introduced in 2023, fully qualified domain name and IP addresses can be blocked through an automated process, initially targeting the illegal streaming of live sports.

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MTS - Video: Blocking is intended to take place within 30 minutes of notification from a rights holder.

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MTS - Video: The framework has also been extended to publicly available DNS providers and VPN providers.

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MTS - Video: By June 2025, AgCom, the Italian regulator, reported that

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MTS - Video: more than 55,000 blocked… that there were more than 55,000 blocked domain names and IP addresses.

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MTS - Video: France has developed a different approach based on court orders.

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MTS - Video: French courts can order blocking of services that illegally stream sporting events. These orders can also cover additional services identified after the initial court decision.

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MTS - Video: Belgium introduced a system combining administrative and judicial measures in 2024, while other European countries, including Spain and Greece, have also introduced forms of dynamic blocking.

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MTS - Video: And this trend is not limited to Europe.

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MTS - Video: In Brazil, for instance, the telecommunications regulator, ANATEL, has operated a blocking system since 2023, initially targeting illegal non-certified TV boxes and the infrastructure enabling them to access pirated audiovisual content.

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MTS - Video: This system has since expanded significantly, with more than 10,000 IP addresses blocked, and over 1,500 URLs removed.

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MTS - Video: So what is the broader trend here? What we are seeing is a shift from blocking individual websites through ISPs towards involving a wider range of internet intermediaries in enforcement.

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MTS - Video: Increasingly, these measures are being implemented through automated systems.

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MTS - Video: There are obviously significant intellectual property concerns related to illegal online content, including consumer protection, as well as cybersecurity concerns that the authorities are trying to address.

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MTS - Video: And at the same time, there have been cases of overblocking, where legitimate services have also been affected.

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MTS - Video: The European Commission, for instance, is explicitly tracking overblocking and intermediary expansion as part of its assessment of dynamic blocking measures.

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MTS - Video: DNS and IP blocking can have different consequences. Blocking an IP address, for instance, can have an effect on unrelated services that share the same address.

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MTS - Video: For us, two developments are particularly important, as I was saying, the expansion of obligations for more internet intermediaries, and the increasing use of automation.

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MTS - Video: The examples I've mentioned do not necessarily impose obligations on ccTLD registries. However, they show that governments are increasingly looking at different parts of the internet infrastructure when designing enforcement measures.

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MTS - Video: ICANN Org does not have a position on whether DNS blocking should be used to address online copyright infringement. That's a public policy decision. Our concern is with the possible technical consequences of these measures, particularly the risk of affecting legitimate services and the stable and consistent functioning of the DNS.

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MTS - Video: As you might recall, ICANN's Security and Stability Advisory Committee, SSAC, has previously highlighted these risks.

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MTS - Video: In its 2025 paper, SAC also noted that DNS blocking is not always effective.

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MTS - Video: And it can be bypassed, for example, using alternative resolvers.

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MTS - Video: The Internet Society has also published several reports on this issue.

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MTS - Video: Now, moving to the second trend.

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MTS - Video: We also wanted to highlight the growing use of mandatory verification requirements across the Internet.

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MTS - Video: While the focus is on age verification for online services and in particular for certain social media platforms.

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MTS - Video: We are seeing governments place increasing importance on verifying certain information about internet users.

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MTS - Video: This trend is particularly visible on the Asia Pacific region.

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MTS - Video: Australia introduced a minimum age of 16 for holding accounts in certain social media platforms, with these requirements taking effect in December 2025.

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MTS - Video: Indonesia followed with measures in March 2026. Malaysia has also taken steps towards introducing a minimum age of 16 for certain platforms. We are seeing similar developments in several US states, as well as growing attention in Europe.

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MTS - Video: The EU Kids Act, which was proposed in September 2026, would establish 15 as the EU-wide minimum age for social media accounts, and require social media and video sharing platforms to verify users' ages when accounts are created.

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MTS - Video: So I want to be clear that these measures do not directly impact the DNS, but we think this trend is worth mentioning and bringing to your attention, because it reflects a broader shift towards verification and accountability online.

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MTS - Video: Governments are increasingly asking online services to verify certain information about their users.

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MTS - Video: And for us, the question is whether this approach could, over time, influence discussions about verification in other parts of the internet ecosystem.

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MTS - Video: We're not suggesting that age verification requirements will necessarily extend to domain name registration, but we think it's worth understanding how these policies are developing, what verification methods are being used, and whether similar discussions are taking place in other areas.

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MTS - Video: And so we'd be interested in hearing your views on this. Are you seeing similar developments in your jurisdictions? Are you seeing developments in your jurisdictions that… where DNS blocking obligations are being extended to additional intermediaries?

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MTS - Video: Are you observing broader regulatory discussions about verification requirements that could have implications for domain name registration or registry operations?

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MTS - Video: So we would welcome your views and experiences on these issues, and also any other regulatory trends that you might see.

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MTS - Video: Thank you very much.

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MTS - Video: Thank you for that update. Are there any questions or any comments on this? Anyone from any of the countries who's been mentioned here have anything to say on the impact of these measures?

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Annalise. Thanks for the update, that was great. Jodie Anderson, InternetNewZealand.nz. Just wanted to note that, in New Zealand, relatively recently.

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MTS - Video: the current government, did indi… or the… the major party of the current… of the coalition that is the current government did indicate, or even introduce a bill for, banning social media, for under-16s in New Zealand.

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MTS - Video: The two other coalition parties in the government, I don't believe, supported it. And it's not going to get through. I think we've got an election next month, so this is not something that's going to get through.

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MTS - Video: now, but they have said that they'll pick it up after the election if they're still the government, which, you know, they possibly won't be, but nobody knows. The other major party on the other side who could be in government.

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MTS - Video: has sort of been… it's not clear whether they would support something like this or not, so it's all still up in the air, but just to, indicate that this is, a conversation that is happening in New Zealand as well.

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MTS - Video: Thanks.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Jodie. And when we get to the

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MTS - Video: third part of our session today on online harms. We've discussed as a committee, we've discussed these sorts of issues before, and it is a high priority topic in many countries, and increasingly so, I think, from Australia's perspective, there are differences of opinion. We read various

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MTS - Video: varying

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MTS - Video: Opinions in the commentary about the effectiveness of the ban, the age ban limit on social media, but it is generally very popular amongst the community, you know, and even people.

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MTS - Video: Say they don't care if it's effective, they just want to be able to tell their kids no, you're not allowed to have, you can't have it until you're 16.

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MTS - Video: So yeah, it's it is.

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MTS - Video: there is significant appetite in the Australian population for government to act on, you know, particularly child safety, but increasingly so on, other harms and to adults as well. Like, there is, and, we have a

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MTS - Video: digital duty of care that the government is going to legislate and or has, yeah.

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MTS - Video: They've committed to that. And it's expected that it will apply to absolutely everybody, and shift the…

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MTS - Video: Shift the responsibility from consumers onto the providers of products and services to ensure that their products and services aren't causing harm.

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MTS - Video: But yeah, there's a lot happening, you know, across the world, and I think this committee will have

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MTS - Video: an ongoing interest in it, so thank you for sharing those updates. Any other questions or comments from anybody? And just to the people sitting at the back, please feel free to come and join us at the table. You're very welcome, whether you're a member of the committee or not, but please feel free to sit at the table.

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MTS - Video: Peter, yes.

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MTS - Video: Yeah, thanks, Annalisa. Peter Koch-Dienig, for the record. Thanks for that, overview, and I'm sorry I say… I can confirm that that is in line with what we are seeing. It's also… I'm also sorry to say that sometimes these German courts

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MTS - Video: that impose restrictions on, especially DNS resolvers in our other jurisdictions. We do see the.

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MTS - Video: movie industry… sorry, the sports industry not only attack domain registries, but they're also attacking the numbering system, in a way, and of course, attack is a very neutral term.

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MTS - Video: That said, and also the similarities, or the idea that because age verification is introduced for social media and others, we might be alert. I would support that, but I think we need to maintain a very important distinction. For one.

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MTS - Video: intermediaries were already mentioned, and, with intermediaries comes intermediary liability, and more importantly, intermediary liability exemptions. And those get to be forgotten, with more and more, interventions

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MTS - Video: codified in legislation, so the whole theory about what's an intermediary here and there. And it's important, I think, that as the technical community and the DNS people in particular, we need to continue to point out that

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MTS - Video: This is a technical community, this is not big tech, and big tech sometimes disguises as intermediaries, where obviously they aren't, because they are modifying, excuse me, modifying or amplifying content, which is what we not do, so we need to be careful that we are not.

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MTS - Video: Get into this, flood of things because we are compared, or.

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MTS - Video: treated at the same level as they are, which would be unjustified, but it seems, and it is our task to maintain that distinction. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Peter.

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MTS - Video: Any other comments or questions?

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MTS - Video: I don't see any.

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MTS - Video: So I might pass now to Sean, if you are going to. Oh, hang on! Sorry.

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MTS - Video: There's now a second presentation from government engagement. Sorry, Sean, hold your horses. So the, it would be the next slide, please.

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MTS - Video: Before Laurent will go and talk about what we do in Africa with the.

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MTS - Video: in capacity building. Just one thing on the age verification. We had internal conversation whether we should put that on the table or not, because this is… it feels like falling outside the ICANN remit.

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MTS - Video: But there is a potential and we decided that we should present this trend to a community and ask the question, do you see that as a potential threat and as a future sort of

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MTS - Video: Thing that fall in our lap and we need to somehow incorporate that in the policies that we're making.

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MTS - Video: So with that, it is not that we're insisting that this should be done now, but the question is, do you see that this is something we need to pay attention in the future?

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MTS - Video: Thank you.

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MTS - Video: And the home now to you.

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MTS - Video: Can I, before we go on, can I just respond to that, Giannis? So thank you for sharing that. So this

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MTS - Video: committee does, sort of, when we sort of look at our… do our heat mapping, we sort of ask ourselves what are the policy… internet-related policy issues, whether they are sort of directly related to the ccTLD or not. We sort of

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MTS - Video: Collate the issues, many ccTLDs are sort of actively involved in the broader policy discussions and the national IGFs as well, so.

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MTS - Video: Yeah, not everything that sort of comes up on our radar is specifically a ccTLD issue, but we do sort of.

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MTS - Video: Follow it anyway and potentially there are impacts on the cCTLD managers but sometimes not, sometimes we just sort of note that that's a live discussion, so we certainly welcome your input on things that are not necessarily ICANN's direct responsibility as well.

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MTS - Video: things that are on your radar is very welcome. We're going to Laurent, are we? Yeah. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Dennis.

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MTS - Video: Yes, so I'm going to give you a brief overview of, what ICANN is doing. Not ICANN, but government engagement, and our colleagues from, GSC Africa are doing on the ground in terms of capacity building activities. ICANN is doing more because, we have a specific, ICANN,

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MTS - Video: technical engagement team for Africa, so they are used to do a lot of capacity building, but from a very technical perspective. So, just some background information about capacity building in Africa.

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MTS - Video: I think that most of you are aware that, we have a, that I can launch the Coalition for Children Africa.

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MTS - Video: In, end of 2022, and, in this context, we are in the… under the umbrella of the coalition, we have two, tracks related to capacity building, one for CCLDs, and, on that one, we have, supported 10 CCLDs in Africa.

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MTS - Video: We have the strong support from CCNSO members, such as .pt.

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MTS - Video: FFR, AFNIC, was a very important partner because, AFNIC, took over all the, all the non-technical part of the capacity building program for these African CTLDs. We are… we have worked closely with, FTLD as well on this track. And then we have a second track for government regulators and parliamentarians.

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MTS - Video: So we, so we had these two tracks, and, a few, a few months ago, it's more than a few months ago now, in February, 2026, ATU, the African Telegation Union, the ITU, and ICANN organized a joint webinar.

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MTS - Video: The aim of this webinar was to explain what the Coalition did for the last two years and a half.

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MTS - Video: And, and, the second part of the call, of the webinar, was the call for expression of interest. The idea was to showcase what we did, and, and.

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MTS - Video: Yeah, ask African governments and regulators if they have any special requests in terms of capacity activities.

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MTS - Video: And we organized a meeting with African CAC members to reiterate, I mean, the offer during the ICANN 8785 meeting in Mumbai.

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MTS - Video: Of course, we had some several follow-up discussions with regulators and governments.

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MTS - Video: In order to help them to shape, their request, because, it was, yeah.

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MTS - Video: It was a new thing for them.

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MTS - Video: Following, this call for special official… sorry, this call.

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MTS - Video: For expression of interest, we receive,

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MTS - Video: A request from the seven countries, an organization.

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MTS - Video: Countries will receive requests from Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Zimbabwe, and Nigeria.

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MTS - Video: And three organizations, ECAS, which is the Economic Commission for Central African States.

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MTS - Video: UMOR, which is a Western African country organization.

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MTS - Video: and CTO, the Commonwealth Tribulation Office.

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MTS - Video: So, yeah, I told you 7, countries and organizations, because, for most… for almost all of them, we received several sub-requests in the… Next slide, please.

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MTS - Video: So that's the… that's the difference request we receive.

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MTS - Video: So you can see that, there are two different… there are…

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MTS - Video: Three different, I mean, kind of requests. GAC capacity building request, because, I mean, different organizations and governments, they want to address the lack of prosperity of African countries within the GAC.

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MTS - Video: And, so we, it was clear that, I mean, it was a clear, I mean, need for… expressed by different, organizations, such as UMOA,

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MTS - Video: And, and CTO.

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MTS - Video: And two countries could devise Senegal.

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MTS - Video: We have some capacity activities, inland governance capacity building activities for ministries and parliaments and regulators, and we have very specific capacity activities, like user flow acceptance, DNS abuse.

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MTS - Video: And ASPs.

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MTS - Video: Of course, all of this, I mean, some of this, capacity activities.

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MTS - Video: are not, I mean, they don't fit with the ICANN limits, such as AXPs, for example.

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MTS - Video: But we are working under the Coalition for Digital Africa Coalition, so we are able to work with different partners. And for example, for AXPs, we are working with ISOC.

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MTS - Video: So this is the request we received so far.

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MTS - Video: Next slide, please.

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MTS - Video: Okay.

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MTS - Video: Status. Since June 2026, we organized.

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MTS - Video: Two series of two and three webinars.

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MTS - Video: for CTO, for the Commonwealth, and for UMR.

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MTS - Video: So, we are all… we are done with this, this request for capacity building activities.

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MTS - Video: We had a very specific approach this time, because we started with, the first webinar was about ICANN and the GAC. The second webinar was, based on the information we received from them. We asked.

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MTS - Video: African countries, about their

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MTS - Video: issue of interest. And then we were able to connect most of this issue of interest with potential or current ICANN discussion.

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MTS - Video: And the third webinar, was…

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MTS - Video: dedicated to the preparation of ICANN87, so the idea was to go through the ICANN GAC agenda and identify, issue a session.

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MTS - Video: interesting sessions for African countries.

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MTS - Video: We did some specific workshop for Nigeria, for example. There was a UA capacity building universal acceptance or capacity building workshop.

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MTS - Video: And, and we are ready to deliver, several, capacity workshops for Senegal, for different ministries.

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MTS - Video: And for Zimbabwe on DNS abuse, and

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MTS - Video: And news for acceptance, we are just waiting for the… for the… for the… for the green light from, from, these countries. Code de Wa is completed. I mean, we, we organized the CAIC capacity building under the UMOR umbrella.

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MTS - Video: And we organized the, CCNSO, capacity building, training, and, yeah.

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MTS - Video: And, some help regarding a DNS, DNSSEC meeting, in Cote d'Ivoire.

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MTS - Video: So, that's, just for the moment. We are… we deliver as much as possible.

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MTS - Video: We have a very specific approach, and I think it's important to mention, I mean, what we are doing in the context of this meeting, because we are used to work, I mean, not for the GAC capacity building, but for the rest, we are used to work with local experts.

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MTS - Video: The idea is not to demonstrate that ICANN has a lot of technical expertise. The idea is just to demonstrate that ICANN is a relevant organization for this country. This is why we are mapping their interests with

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MTS - Video: current or potential ICANN discussions.

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MTS - Video: And on the other hand, we are trying to demonstrate the value of the mosquito model at the local level.

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MTS - Video: So, the idea is to work with

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MTS - Video: local experts, and for example, for Senegal, the Dotes en Registry joined the coordination group So it's the regulator.

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MTS - Video: The regulator sent the request. So the regulator is there. ICANN is supposed to deliver and we ask the SNW3 to join this coordination committee for Senegal.

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MTS - Video: And we are planning to replicate that in different countries. For Cote d'Ivoire, it's obvious because

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MTS - Video: We were working with RTCE.

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MTS - Video: But, yes.

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MTS - Video: So we,

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MTS - Video: we are planning to continue to work with CCLDs, OG3s. We are doing this in the context of the NSMU's workshop we are going to deliver for Zimbabwe, because we are going to have on the agenda of this workshop

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MTS - Video: AFTLD, which will give a short overview of a benchmark of DNS abuse mitigation in Africa, and then the focus from ZANA about what ZA is doing in terms of capacity of DNS abuse mitigation.

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MTS - Video: So yes, so I think that, cSTLDs.

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MTS - Video: Our key partner for us, because it helps us to… to make the connection between the global. Internet governance discussion and the local. And, so they are very important partners for us.

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MTS - Video: Thank you very much. If you have any questions about what we are doing in Africa, I mean, I am… I have tried to be brief, but you can reach out to me or to Maeva, and we have some upcoming activities

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MTS - Video: In November with Nigeria.

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MTS - Video: Thank you very much.

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MTS - Video: Thank you for that, Lauren. Are there any questions?

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MTS - Video: Go ahead, Mata.

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MTS - Video: Thank you. Just, if I may, first, thank you for the presentation from both of you. But, I have just a brief experience that I can share here relating the CDI support. In this case, it was a support to Luzhnik. Luzhnik is an association, a private association that gathers the registries

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MTS - Video: That has, as, official language, the Portuguese. So we had the opportunity to organize to, to set up this project. It was a project with, three pillars. We were supposed to give, provide capacity building sessions, meaning like workshops, and, with the different, topics.

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MTS - Video: And, but we did that

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MTS - Video: The thing that I believe it's very important to do that it was a first assessment where we spoke with all the countries and trying to understand what were the main concerns that they have, what were the issues of interest, because of course, that one size doesn't fit all. And it was important first to understand.

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MTS - Video: What would be the topics that should be raised in all the workshops and webinars that we were supposed to set up? So, that was the first pillar of the project, and afterwards, we organized two webinars and two on-site workshops.

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MTS - Video: And then we had additionally to the obligation to translate materials that were in mainly in English and focus on technical issues like DNSSEC, cybersecurity, but also legal, marketing, all the issues that can be related and can be important to the daily operations of a registry.

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MTS - Video: And we translated the set of documentation. And then the third pillar that.

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MTS - Video: obliged to was to provide all those, kind of documentation, videos, and, all the information that we gather from the related topics that were raised in the different workshops in the portal, in the website, and to be available in the future for

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MTS - Video: for the… our colleagues from the registries that could be interested in. So, it was a one-year project, and, with the different reports along the year, and the support from CDA was.

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MTS - Video: super important. If we didn't have that support, it would be impossible to set up this project, so… Again, thank you, CDA, and thank you, ICANN, for helping us, and I hope all other CCTLDs could have the opportunity to have this kind of support. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Mata.

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MTS - Video: Any other comments or questions for Marta or Lauren?

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MTS - Video: And I see Peter has his hand up too, so I'll go to Peter first, and then I'll come to you Pablo. Yeah, thanks Anneliese, Peter, for the record. Thank you, Laurent, for the update. I have a quick question. There was one request, if I remember correctly, about CCNSO engagement support.

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MTS - Video: Could you share… unless that was on the on hold…

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MTS - Video: class, then could you share what came out of this, and is there anything that you would maybe suggest this committee could do in that direction proactively? Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thank you very much, Peter, for your question.

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MTS - Video: Yes, we received a request from the regulator of Cote d'Ivoire.

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MTS - Video: And, about, about, it was you, no? That you…

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MTS - Video: It was you, I mean, on the… I mean, you were the person on the walk… on the walk over here.

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MTS - Video: Yeah, so the idea was to, train two people from, IRTC about, about the CCNSO, and, and the, the training has been delivered by AFNIC.

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MTS - Video: Because I, that's… that's… that CI is a member of the College of Translation of AFNIC, and AFNIC was already a partner of CDA, so it was obvious that AFNIC was in a good position to, deliver this, training.

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MTS - Video: And it was about the idea, if you want to know what was on the agenda, the idea was to explain, I mean, the…

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MTS - Video: know all of the CCNSO, how the CCNSO works, sorry, and, give different, example of, the different, working group, or… I don't know the name for this… of the CCNSO.

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MTS - Video: Like, TLDOPS, this kind of thing. The idea was to give an overview of CCNSO, and how Cote d'Ivoire can be more engaged in the… and of course, the aim of this workshop was to help Cote d'Ivoire to be more active within the CCNSO.

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MTS - Video: Yeah, thank you, Weldon.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Peter. Pablo, go ahead.

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MTS - Video: Thank you. Thank you, Laurent. Good stuff, a lot of good work that you guys are doing. The one thing that I did not see is any engagement with academia.

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MTS - Video: with universities in those particular countries? Is it because it's not within the remit, or…

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MTS - Video: because you need more help with that area.

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MTS - Video: Thank you very much, Pablo, for that question. Yes, I mean, I didn't go too much into the detail, but for Senegal, for example, we are planning to, to involve, and they are already on the… I mean, for example.snog3, is.

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MTS - Video: I mean, is hosted by the university.

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MTS - Video: And, for different, topics which are not related to, the economics, we are planning to work with some, with some professors from this university. That's the first thing. Second thing, for example, in Zimbabwe.

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MTS - Video: We are already doing a program, UA, a social studies program with the university, so we are planning to.

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MTS - Video: work with this university in order to answer to the, to the request coming from the regulator. So it's like, you know, that.

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MTS - Video: It's like, yeah, we are keeping them in the loop, but yes, I mean, this is.

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MTS - Video: In Central Africa, in Central Africa as well, we have identified some, academia. And, we are going to work with them. Because again, the idea is to demonstrate that, there is a lot of expertise on the ground in different countries.

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MTS - Video: And the idea is to demonstrate the value of a national multiscalar dialogue.

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MTS - Video: Thank you so much.

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MTS - Video: Thanks for the question, Pablo.

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MTS - Video: Any other Questions or comments?

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MTS - Video: Don't see any, so thank you. Oh. I just want, again, to thank, I mean, the, all the CCNSO member.

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MTS - Video: Which I've been… I'm still involved in what we are doing, because Marta mentioned .pt and Luznik.fr has been very helpful as well, and .sn as well, KNIC as well, FTLD, so it's.

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MTS - Video: Well, it's a teamwork, so thank you again for your support and your help on the ground. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Laurent, and thank you again. Like, we always, welcome engagement with the government engagement team, so…

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MTS - Video: Did you want to?

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Annalise. I wonder if you have just a couple of minutes. I want to provide update on IGF.

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MTS - Video: I know it's not in the agenda, but it's one of the items that the government engagement team also follows. And I think it's useful for me to just share a little bit. I'll be quick. I'll be very brief. Go ahead. Thank you. I don't even have any slides. So just a little bit. I'm sure many of you know that the IGF this year will be held from 14 to 18 December 2026 in Nairobi, Kenya.

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MTS - Video: So this year is special because this is the first year of the IGF after the UNGA decided to make IGF a permanent UN forum through the WSIS+20 outcome document.

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MTS - Video: So, we are now in the midst of the bluster of activities.

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MTS - Video: The largest portion of the IGF program, which is the workshop session selections, have been completed. The open forum announcements have also been made, and we should have more clarity in the rest of the program very shortly because the venue of the IGF has just been announced a couple of days ago.

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MTS - Video: really fresh off the press. So ICANN looks forward to continue participating in a meaningful way. We do this by organizing workshops, open forum session, and contributing speakers as well. So our focus is really translating ICANN's priorities into a coordinated and purposeful presence in Nairobi.

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MTS - Video: This year's IGF is held under the overall theme of governing the internet in the age of intelligence, our shared responsibility. There are some innovative approaches that MAC has made this year, such as allowing sub-themes to be bottom-up created instead of top-down decided, piloting initiatives like the IG Labs and government dialogues. So a big focus to MAC is also to ensure

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MTS - Video: the IGF continues to attract an inclusive participation, especially by those who have not regularly attended IGF yet.

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MTS - Video: So while the conversations at IGF might not be as technically inclined as the ones that CCTLD colleagues are accustomed to, outcomes from the work there might impact also the work of the internet stakeholders.

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MTS - Video: Hence, we hope that the CCTLD colleagues will continue to lend your voices to the dialogue and bring your government and business contacts

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MTS - Video: To help realize IGF's, true potential. And also to plug in this session that, further discussions on IGF will also take place at the Geoplenary Session on Thursday, 3pm here at ICANN meeting, so I encourage you to attend the session and also share your insights.

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MTS - Video: And that's it. Thank you so much.

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MTS - Video: Thanks very much, Angela. I know that many members of this committee are active participants at the IGF. So thank you.

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MTS - Video: So now, Sean, we move to you if you would like to.

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MTS - Video: Talk about our, effectiveness review. Thanks.

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Annalise. Sean Copeland for the record.

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MTS - Video: It's interesting being in this group and looking at this committee from when I started being involved in ICANN. Seven or eight years ago, this particular group struck me as a group that would become increasingly important. So being involved in the review of this.

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MTS - Video: And watching this committee grow, has merely reinforced that position.

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MTS - Video: So when I'm looking at the review and talking to you about that, that's part of my bias. Just so you know.

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MTS - Video: I'll start with the conclusion that we gave to council.

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MTS - Video: This group is an important group to the committee, and of course, we recommended that it continue, and Council accepted that.

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MTS - Video: To arrive at that conclusion, we looked at the leadership, we looked at the membership, we looked at the workload that you guys were doing, and we tried to get a really good feel for the committee.

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MTS - Video: And this has been borne out from our experience doing other couple reviews and getting better at it. So we feel that the review of the IGLC has actually been a watershed review in how these will go forward.

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MTS - Video: Clearly, what works is there's practical…

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MTS - Video: practical experience at the table. You are open and collaborative, and you have a level of trust that has been developing over time. You know, and that's noted, and that's really, really important for the work that you're doing.

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MTS - Video: It's very obvious that there's a core group within the IGLC, but it's also very interesting in that there's a turnover in this core group where new members are coming in and are able to contribute fairly quickly within that core group. And this, I think,

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MTS - Video: I can't underestimate that to you and the value. As a volunteer organization, that is incredibly unusual.

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MTS - Video: And it is something that, Annalise, I have to tell you, that's kudos to the leadership of this group.

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MTS - Video: So… Keep that in mind.

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MTS - Video: if you look at… if you look at the slide that is up there, the only other thing that comes up, and I guess this is the red flag, but again, I think this is something that is indicative across the CCNSO, is having the participation from all of our areas.

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MTS - Video: You know, we do have it within this group, but it's maybe light in some areas.

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MTS - Video: The belief is, is that this is a group that probably will be able to pull that up, just by the nature of what this group does.

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MTS - Video: So… Next slide.

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MTS - Video: So on this one, obviously the update of the terms of reference becomes something that we want you guys to look at.

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MTS - Video: And that's, of course, clarifying your role, within the community, within the group and what you're doing.

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MTS - Video: And reconsidering some of the objectives and directives that you guys are taking on for the community. It was nice to have ICANN's presentation here just ahead of this, because to me, that kind of…

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MTS - Video: Links and pulls it together.

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MTS - Video: The other one that's on here that I think that is important for you guys is item number four.

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MTS - Video: And I want you to approach this one as a question on how the IGLC sustains its inclusive and functioning committee style.

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MTS - Video: Because it is. I mean, when I look around the table and I see the people that are contributing to this group, it is inclusive. It might not be inclusive in the way that generally people take that word, but it's inclusive in terms of the CCNSO community.

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MTS - Video: So keep working on that, and keep building on that.

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MTS - Video: The only unusual thing here, in terms of ICANN land, is maybe having fewer meetings.

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MTS - Video: I'm very well aware that Annalise in particular goes around the clock on doing these meetings, which is very, very good for everybody around the world, but it's also pretty taxing on an individual. You know, so you guys should be reflective on that.

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MTS - Video: Next slide.

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MTS - Video: technology. So the theme, really, in terms of the recommendation, is

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MTS - Video: protect the culture that has come out within the IGLC, while finding new and more creative ways to contribute. From your point of view, think about recommendations that are not going to.

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MTS - Video: hurt the culture that has emerged here, but reinforce it and strengthen it. And with all of that, this particular group will continue to excel, I believe, within the community, and it's a benefit to the community as a whole.

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MTS - Video: So That is what we did.

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MTS - Video: Thank you very much for that, Sean.

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MTS - Video: Are there any comments or questions from members?

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MTS - Video: about the re, the review or the recommendations.

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MTS - Video: Please come ahead, Dirk.

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MTS - Video: Sorry, I'm not a member, I don't know if I can talk. I used to be a member when it started, but like it said in the slide.

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MTS - Video: Most of the time, the meetings were, like, 2 or 3 in the morning for me, so it was not really sustainable.

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MTS - Video: I would only, make, like, a slight recommendation, which is, like, maybe create,

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MTS - Video: Like, sub-regional committees that can meet

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MTS - Video: You know, within their time zones.

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MTS - Video: And then just have them report, you know, in the general meeting.

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MTS - Video: because I think that would be easier, you know, to coordinate time zones.

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MTS - Video: Might be not as easy, since, you know, continents are big.

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MTS - Video: But, I think it would also give us, like, a clearer scope of what is happening in every region.

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MTS - Video: Since I see mostly, like, Europe, news over here.

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MTS - Video: That's just about it.

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MTS - Video: Thank you. I've made a note of the sub-regional committees. And sorry, which CC were you from?

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MTS - Video: Yeah.

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MTS - Video: Okay. Yeah. No, I've made a note of that, that the, the time zone is an issue. We've tried multiple. We do rotate through two time zones.

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MTS - Video: And, you know, we've had a look at the times with the Secretariat. And, you know, hopefully most people can make at least one of those time zones. But yeah, there's, there's.

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MTS - Video: We try and share the pain around, but we recognise that it is not… it's… it's…

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MTS - Video: it's not ideal, but it's not ideal for any of us. We sort of settled on the two, and hoping that people would be able to, to come to at least one of them. But yeah, I made a note of your suggestion, and we can discuss that one further, but any other comments, or…

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MTS - Video: Go ahead, Marta. Just to add, you mentioned the reports, and just to let you know that we always have a report that is sent by the Secretariat after each meeting, so we look at the agenda, and the reports identify the main topics that were discussed, and the outcomes from each meeting. So, even if you cannot

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MTS - Video: attend… attending the meeting. If you join us, and you will be in the mailing list, and we… you will be able to read the reports and keep informed, and do your comments if appropriate. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Any other comments or questions? We will be looking at the recommendations and seeing what we can do. We don't have to sort of solve all the problems today, but just while we have Sean, if there are any questions or any other comments that people wanted to make, please feel free to do so.

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MTS - Video: I don't see any other hands. So thank you, Sean. Thank you for your work in doing the review, in conducting the review and in the report. Yeah, and thank you for your kind words earlier.

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MTS - Video: We will be looking at… at the recommendations and seeing… I think this is a very valuable committee, so we'll be looking to see how we can,

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MTS - Video: you know, make it more valuable and sustainable long into the future. And it was interesting that you… one of the things was the repository. I had, just been… yesterday had a discussion with, Barb, who's the chair of the DASC, about, you know, how…

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MTS - Video: Collaboration and how we can document some of the discussions that we've had.

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MTS - Video: And, you know, sort of with the, the, turnover in the GAC, like I heard this morning, there were 93 new members since Seville. I think, you know, some of the, the work that CCTLDs are doing.

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MTS - Video: It would be very valuable to have that documented somewhere. So yes, that's something that I'm very happy and very keen to look at how we can do that.

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MTS - Video: All right. Well, thank you for that, Sean. We might move on to our next item.

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MTS - Video: So just a reminder of what our priorities were that emerged from the most recent heat mapping exercise. We had…

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MTS - Video: Four topics for the future of internet governance is sort of an ongoing priority over the last few years.

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MTS - Video: But we've also had, sovereignty, resilience and online harms emerge as high priority issues as well. And there are, you know, a lot of,

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MTS - Video: connections, the issues, those issues are, you know, interconnected, I think. But we had decided that our next priority topic would be, the next theme that we'd look at is online harms.

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MTS - Video: So we'll just have a bit of a discussion today about, how we want to sort of scope this topic and what what it means for ccTLDs and what what it is that this committee could.

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MTS - Video: what we can do about it, what we could deliver, whether that's a a session or a paper or a

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MTS - Video: Series of sessions.

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MTS - Video: Do… what are we doing, Yoko? Do we have the Menti for this one?

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MTS - Video: So if you have your phones, we have some questions for you.

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MTS - Video: Give you all a moment to… Join.

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MTS - Video: So the First question is, what aspect of online harms should we explore?

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MTS - Video: Or aspects, perhaps, but…

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MTS - Video: You can submit more than one response to this one. So

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MTS - Video: Feel free to put all of your ideas in.

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MTS - Video: who we have 17 now, 17 of 26 have responded. So

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MTS - Video: I'm seeing a couple of responses about those that are of interest for the CC or the CC responsibilities. That's kind of the focus of this committee. Everything that we look at is from the perspective of a CCTLD manager.

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MTS - Video: But yeah, the issues can differ across the different jurisdictions about what is or isn't a responsibility of a ccTLD.

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MTS - Video: So just perhaps another minute or so for people who

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MTS - Video: Haven't responded, and would like to to get their answers in.

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MTS - Video: And perhaps if there's anybody that would like to speak to the suggestions that they added there, if there are any additional information that you might have regarding suggestions, approaches. Thank you.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Yoka. Would anybody like to share what they suggested and and why?

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MTS - Video: Please feel free.

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MTS - Video: to you, Aleisha, and then David.

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MTS - Video: Yeah. So I put kind of the role of CCTLD in supporting online safety regulation. Because what we find in the UK context is that we're a kind of access facility. So it's kind of like a measure of last resort.

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MTS - Video: a regulated service, which in the UK is like a search service, pornography or user to user content. If they didn't like kind of do what they're meant to do under the act, then we could be asked as an access facility to block access to a domain.

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MTS - Video: Which would be a kind of court ordered, suspension. So I guess it's kind of like that's like, I guess the extreme case of like how a CCTLD could be asked to kind of intervene in supporting.

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MTS - Video: online safety legislation. But then I think I also put fraud up there just because there seems to be a lot of like noise and movement around it and lots of different kind of, initiatives at the moment coming out of the kind of internet infrastructure forum space.

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MTS - Video: The kind of global anti-scam alliance, I know there's some other work through the Global Signals Exchange as well, so I think that might be an interesting area, too.

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MTS - Video: Yep.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Alicia. I'll go to David, and then I see that there are a couple online, so I'll go there as well. Go ahead.

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Annalisa. It's David Macaulay, speaking with Verisign, and I I, too, I wrote

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MTS - Video: watch regulatory trends. You mentioned earlier the digital duty of care, the social media bans for youth participation in social media. Those things are spreading quickly, but they probably have differentiations in each application, and so I think it's important

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MTS - Video: in two ways. One is to understand what it is and help CCDs comply with what might be coming along, and two is on the information side, CCTLDs, the more they're informed about this, may be better able to advise their governments when they're considering it. So.

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MTS - Video: This regulation's not going away because of… I mean, we have to understand there's just a wave of

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MTS - Video: harm. These harms are real harms that cost people money and cost health, mental health of people. This is not insignificant, and that… and it's… the regulation's not going to go away, for good reasons. Thanks.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, David. Yeah, it's certainly not going away.

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MTS - Video: I will go to Jaijit and then Pablo, and then I'll come back into the room. But go ahead, Jaijit.

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MTS - Video: I just want to underline two issues which I've been talking about. One is the attack on personnel of individuals. It comes in some way or the other, but when an individual gets impacted, it's very difficult for them to fight the system.

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MTS - Video: Even though regulations may exist, it gets very, very challenging. And by the time they're able to do it, it's already very, very degrading.

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MTS - Video: And hence, we need to figure out a way to protect individuals from that aspect. In fact, you know, the Italian Prime Minister issue is a classic issue. Even the Prime Minister is not able to

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MTS - Video: fight against that challenge. The second is, inciting law and order, and that's an issue, largely being faced by Global South, but even

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MTS - Video: Countries like France are facing it. Widespread law and order issue being incited through the Internet. And therefore, that's another aspect that needs to be looked at. It leads to

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MTS - Video: Borrowing the words from David, actual physical harm and killing of people.

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MTS - Video: Thank you. Pablo.

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MTS - Video: Thank you, Ana Luis, and this is Pablo for the record. Something that I'd like to point out is that while it is extremely important to identify these harms and to find ways on how to fight them, it is

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MTS - Video: Just as important to establish collaborative links with law enforcement agencies, both local and international.

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MTS - Video: And so… I strongly believe that we should develop or or create the ad, the the the environment

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MTS - Video: such that CCTLDs As well as… local enforcement agencies can meet

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MTS - Video: and know who they are. I've seen In many instances.

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MTS - Video: Especially in Puerto Rico, it took a time that

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MTS - Video: we develop a meeting just to meet with judges, with public attorneys with the cyber crime

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MTS - Video: Police, and so on, so that they would know that if a crime was committed.

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MTS - Video: and that is a cyber crime they could. They would know who to reach out to.

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MTS - Video: And that would facilitate and expedite the way that we could do something about it.

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MTS - Video: So, I do not want to downplay the importance of doing this exercise and identifying all these harms, but once we know what the harms are, and we have pointed them out, now what are we going to do about it? And I strongly believe that what we need to do

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MTS - Video: is to put together CCTLDs with the law enforcements, both local and international.

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MTS - Video: If and when something like this happens, this is who I'm going to call.

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MTS - Video: Thanks.

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MTS - Video: Thanks, Pablo. That's probably a good point to move on to our next question, and people can have a look at that, and I will… there was somebody who wanted to comment, but we'll just move to the next question so that people can be thinking about that while we…

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MTS - Video: Did you want to come up and to the microphone?

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MTS - Video: Yeah, I wrote the one about database monitoring mainly because, like most of our registrations come through registrars.

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MTS - Video: And what happened? Or a case that we faced recently was that the previous administration had made legal a bunch of birth control medication which, like I personally supported.

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MTS - Video: But the new administration is more conservative, and they banned all this medication, right? So we had, like, a surge in domains, in registration.

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MTS - Video: you know, with medications related to those medicines. But with the new administration.

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MTS - Video: We kind of have to change our policies.

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MTS - Video: And we cannot do that if we're not constantly monitoring what we do. So that was my point.

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MTS - Video: Thank you.

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MTS - Video: So we do have our next question there. So what should ccTLDs learn or take away?

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MTS - Video: What sort of outcome would we be seeking here?

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MTS - Video: Any suggestions for outcomes?

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MTS - Video: collaborate with law enforcement.

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MTS - Video: We do have one more question after this, so.

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MTS - Video: Get your responses in.

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MTS - Video: We've got some interesting responses already.

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MTS - Video: But we have.

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MTS - Video: Elaborate a wider network of trusted notifiers, understanding the relationship to technical abuse, legal and policy frameworks.

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MTS - Video: So I think like another 30 seconds to get your answer in and then we will move on to the next question.

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MTS - Video: Perhaps we can go to the next to the last question.

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MTS - Video: Oh, this is not the last question. Who should be part of the conversation?

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MTS - Video: Oh.

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MTS - Video: Governments, a couple for the Internet Watch Foundation, GNSO, ALAC, Registrant Rights Defenders, CCTLDs.

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MTS - Video: Anything that's not included that you want to put in before we move on?

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MTS - Video: You know, yep, we've got some good suggestions.

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MTS - Video: We've got 4 minutes left of this session, so we might move to the next one.

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MTS - Video: How should we explore it? So, what should this committee… Do.

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MTS - Video: ideas, suggestions, should we…

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MTS - Video: See, there's a couple on avoiding overlap with the DASC. Yes, I think it's important not to duplicate the efforts of other, other groups, but this is also a potential

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MTS - Video: Topic for collaboration with the DASC. They look at issues, you know, we're focused on the policy and regulatory side, but you know, it might be a good topic to have.

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MTS - Video: The technical side of all happening at once.

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MTS - Video: Do we have any other slides, Jurka? Was this the last question?

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MTS - Video: Yes, I think that that was the last one. With a minute to spare. But thank you. If you have additional ideas after this, please send them through. This is sort of the beginning of the discussion on what we're going to do with this.

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MTS - Video: Comprehensive topic, so we will look at the results and come up with some ideas and suggestions and invite input from others as well. Did you want to say something, Pablo? Go ahead.

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MTS - Video: Yes, I meant to say that we should also get involved, the regional organizations.

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MTS - Video: because they can help out on that. And some of the regional organizations, such as like Tld.

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MTS - Video: They have already, developed meetings in which they have put together the regional CCTLDs with the law enforcement and others, so that they can meet each other. So we could…

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MTS - Video: Stimulate something like that at a grander,

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MTS - Video: Context, yeah, and perhaps the first step is to have a, have a bit of a look at who's doing what already in the

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MTS - Video: You know, amongst the ICANN stakeholders, and see where any gaps are, or areas of collaboration.

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MTS - Video: Any last words before we wrap up?

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MTS - Video: Thank you all for your participation. I think that's been a really interesting discussion and thanks for your contributions to that exercise. I look forward to studying the responses and to continuing this conversation with you next time.

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MTS - Video: But thank you all. We have a session Wednesday, is it, at…

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MTS - Video: I've forgotten. I should know. I should know off the top of my head, but I don't. But I look forward to seeing you all at the next IGLC session. Thanks very much, everyone. The meeting's closing.